We have spoken a lot about pedestrian fatalities over the years (here, here, and here are a few posts), and, if there is a general rule of thumb, it is that pedestrians are safer in dense urban environments where there are a lot of other people walking around.
But another important factor might be average vehicle size. Here is a recent study by Justin Tyndall that combined US pedestrian crash data with car sizes to come up with the effect of front-end vehicle height on pedestrian death probability. This is an important metric because larger/higher front-ends are more likely to fatally hit someone in their chest and/or head.
What was ultimately found was that a 10 cm increase in front-end height — which is really not a lot — causes a 22% increase in pedestrian fatality risk! Meaning that something as simple as reducing front-end heights could reduce pedestrian fatalities. By his estimation, a 1.25 m height cap would reduce US pedestrian deaths by about 509 people each year.
This is pretty interesting, especially considering that average car sizes seem to keep going up.
BRANDON DONNELLY 
Something that few people know about is that the increase in vehicle sizes is primarily due to to “light truck” and car sizes regulations, and this applies on both sides of the atlantic.
Essentially, bigger vehicles mean less regulations to comply with. That’s one of the main reasons why we are living in a sea of SUVs and pick-up trucks.
So the very people who lament the negative externalities of bigger cars and trucks, are ironically the ones responsible for it.
See here for a detailed explanation.
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