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India's healthcare sector has been developing at rocket speed since past 4-5 years with schemes and policies like PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) and Ayushman Bharat Yojana launched by the government of India. In country like India with a huge population around 22% of Indians live below the poverty line. They can not afford private hospitals, probably they look for the government aided hospital where the affordable and pocket friendly treatment is provided. Almost every part of India is facing these problems in their healthcare system on account of below par implementation of policies and schemes on healthcare industry. As responsible citizens India's tech minds are capable of solving these problems by their capabilities and expertise.
In terms of hospital design India is too far away from developed countries. Our main aim in this research paper is to improve the planning of hospital design through modern techniques and practices which is very crucial in crafting the future of India's healthcare industry. Indian hospitals need an upgrade not only with the latest technology but also with best design solutions for sustaining quality of the work levels in the healthcare industry for planners, architects, engineers and students as well.
In India, the healthcare industry faces various challenges, like financial, demographic and epidemiological leading to recent metamorphic changes within the discipline of healthcare architecture. Due to globalisation and increasing demand of better health care standards, gradual changing in outlook of healthcare has created a hard comprehensive environment in planning and designing of hospitals around the globe, especially in India where the medical sector is playing at the back foot at present time. Hospital designing is the most complex discipline that resulted in a major change at rocket pace. Therefore, the hospitals should be designed and planned to fulfil today's and tomorrow's needs.
Key Planning and Designing Parameters of Hospital Building Architecture: Call Arcmax Architects Today +91-9898390866 or +91-9753567890
The following parameters should be followed before starting any hospital Design project.
⦁ Required persons
A team having an architect, administrator, financial expert, engineer, health statistician and social scientist is preferred before starting any project.
⦁ Data of vital stats
Data like birth rate, death rate, maternal, demographic, socio- economical, climatic, geographic etc should be kept in mind.
⦁ Laws and regulations
Laws and regulations like IPHS,NBC,IS etc should always be kept in consideration.
⦁ Scope for convertibility, flexibility and expandability
These three aspects should be given due care for creating a fully functional design to fulfill the needs of today and tomorrow.
⦁ Assessment of requirements
Make a proper list of No. of beds needed, no. of staff and the number of departments as per the requirement etc.
⦁ Estimation of cost
Before starting the project the cost should be estimated by any designer or architect for a smooth and steady development of the project.
Hospital Planning Grid : Call Arcmax Architects +91-9898390866 or +91-9753567890
A hospital project can be located in rural or semi-urban or urban areas. In urban localities the designers and architects do not have freedom to go horizontally due to lack of space. In comparison to metropolitan areas rural areas have more space to design and plan the project. Grid patterns can vary as it requires circulation & services within the building. In urban localities, the hospital develops vertically that contains numerous functions & services. Generally it is elucidated that grid design in hospitals basically starts from 5.5 m to 8.5 m and most architects use 7.2, 7.6 and 6.5 metres.
Site selection criteria for Hospital Building:
The building of the hospital must have enough land, easy approach and sufficient supply of electricity and water. Here are some general guidelines and rules that should be followed before selecting a site.
I. General considerations : Always prefer a large site for a hospital for future expansion. A hospital should be always in the heart of the population. A land of 2.5 - 5 acres is prefered in crowded areas for hospital development.
II. Land requirements : The need of a land depends upon various factors. In semi- urban and rural areas plenty of land can be available which may be used for the hospital to develop horizontally. On the other hand land prices in urban areas are too high due to which the hospital grows vertically.
III. Public utilities : The ISI national building code recommends 455-460 litres of water per consumer day. Around 300-400 litres of water is required per bed per day, so before starting a project ensure that plenty of water is easily available. Storage capacity of 3 days must be constructed at the site.
IV. Sewage disposal : According to a report 1 kg of waste material and 300-400 litres liquid effluents per bed per day received from the hospital’s service areas. Always ensure that a proper sewage disposal system is available before selecting any site.
V. Power : For a hospital around 1Kw electricity is needed on a per day per bed basis. This contains requirements of all services and departments including the power need of OT, X-RAY department etc.
Indoor Air Quality in Hospital Architecture Design:
Hospitals are a place where the air quality is very crucial for the recovery of the patients and has a direct impact on the occupant's health. Therefore suitable and better air quality ,mitigation measures and monitoring methods should be used for a contamination free and safe environment.
Plumbing
As the drainage system and the water supply has a direct impact on nosocomial infection, therefore the selection of plumbing equipment like pipes and fittings should be made out as per the recommendation of experts.
Flooring
Flooring also is very crucial for nosocomial infection and helps in finding ways. Engineers and architects should make a perfect selection for flooring materials, colour and texture that helps to create a soothing and healing environment for the users.
Entrance and lobby
According to researchers on building materials, a lot of products and materials are used due their special and unique properties in the healthcare industry. But the Luxury vinyl tile (LVT) and terrazzo are highly suggested by the engineers and architects for entrance and lobby areas, as they are durable, require minimum maintenance, handicap- friendly and are easily available.
Clinical areas and Corridors
Engineers and architects recommend Rubber and LVT for hospital flooring in clinical areas and corridors as they come with protective coatings and pre-applied adhesive also they resist scuffs and scratches and are easily available.
OT and Emergency
For hospitals linoleum and LVT sheets are recommended for an ambience environment, as these materials enable flash coving and heat welding during installation. These products also can be used to promote the Air quality.
Treatment areas and Nurse's station
Hospitals are that place which requires a regular up gradation to function properly. Treatment areas and nurse's stations are very important places for a hospital. Nowadays hospitals are using bio based tile (BBT), LVT and sheet tile made from less VOC. Engineers and designers suggest those categories that have scratch resistant protective coatings for Treatment areas and nurse's station.
Patient Rooms
Patient rooms are the most crucial part of any hospital that's why they should be designed in a manner keeping home-like feeling in mind. Textile flooring may be a better choice as it gives the feel of a proper carpet. In the recent years a system of rating and evaluation has been growing to fulfill the rigorous needs of hospitals.
Ceiling and Walls
The corners of the wall should be protected from any damage by stretchers and trolleys. Walls should be clean and joint-less. A soothing and smooth colour provided to the ceilings to create a peaceful environment.
Windows and Doors
Windows and Doors should have 90-92 cm openings to provide an easy passage to patients, visitors , staff and also to air.
In the healthcare industry while designing and planning of hospital, there is no architectural plan and design which is hundred percent error free but we could get a healing and smooth environment in hospitals by minimizing these errors. Designing should always allow indeterminacy which is an architectural principal making the building to change with calm and grow with order.
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